乙醇对小白鼠胚胎的毒性和维生素的解毒作用

乙醇对小白鼠有致畸效应,尤其是对中枢神经系统(CNS)和骨骼系统.适量的维生素B_1和烟酰胺能解除由乙醇引起的小白鼠胎鼠毒害作用.     

From endoderm to pancreas: a multistep journey

The formation of the vertebrate pancreas is a complex process that typifies the basic steps of embryonic development. It involves the establishment of competence, specification, signaling from neighboring tissues, morphogenesis, and the elaboration of tissue-specific genetic networks. A full analysis of this multistep process will help us to understand classic principles of embryonic development. Furthermore, this will provide the blueprint for experimental programming of pancreas formation from embryonic stem cells in the context of diabetes cell-therapy. Although in the past decade many studies have contributed to a solid foundation for understanding pancreatogenesis, important gaps persist in our knowledge of early pancreas formation. This review will summarize the current understanding of the early mechanisms coming into play to pattern the "pre-pancreatic" region within the endoderm and, gradually, specify the pancreatic tissue.     

小麦耐盐细胞系脯氨酸SOD酶核酸和蛋白质合成动态分析

对已筛选出的小麦耐盐细胞系的耐盐稳定性进行有关生理、生化分析。结果表明：耐盐细胞系脯氨酸含量不仅稳定,而且高于对照;ＳＯＤ活性在耐盐系增加,耐盐系对一定的盐浓度损伤ＤＮＡ修复能力大于对照系,耐盐系ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成量分别是对照的５．４和４．５倍,并对小麦耐盐性的有关问题进行了讨论。     

正交设计法在白三叶组织培养中的应用

以白三叶的叶片为外植体,采用正交设计法,对愈伤组织生长和细胞悬浮培养的培养基进行了优化筛选。实验结果表明,白三叶叶片愈伤组织生长的最佳培养基配方为ＭＢ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ甘氨酸＋１００ｍｇ／Ｌ肌醇＋３％蔗糖＋０．７％琼脂;细胞悬浮培养的最佳培养基的配方为ＭＢ＋４ｍｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋２ｍｇ／     

Some citrus chitinases also possess chitosanase activities

Several acidic chitinase and chitosanase isoforms were found in 4-week-old nonembryogenic sweet orange (Valencia [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]) callus tissue. Two isoforms (designated A1-CF1 and A1-CF2) were purified to homogeneity using HPLC size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing techniques. Both hydrolase isoforms exhibited activity with either colloidal chitin or solubilized shrimp shell chitosan. Specific activities for the purified isoforms could not be calculated because of the lack of protein and contamination of ampholytes. However, the specific activities for chitinase and chitosanase after anion exchange were respectively 404 nmol GlcNAc per min per mg protein and 2,475 nmol GlcN per min per mg protein. The M_r for both enzymes was 30,500. The homogeneous proteins cross-reacted in western blots with antiserum against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase.     

何首乌块根愈伤组织培养

探讨了何首乌组织培养的快繁技术,为优良品种的快速繁殖并进一步提取、开发有用次生代谢物奠定基础.本文采用何首乌的块根为原料,以MS(Murashige and Skoog)培养基为基本培养基,附加不同的植物生长调节剂,筛选何首乌愈伤组织生长的最佳条件和激素组合.结果表明:不同消毒剂及其组合对何首乌块根进行消毒,70%的酒精 0.1%HgCl2具有很好的消毒作用;诱导何首乌块根产生愈伤组织的最佳激素配比是2,4-D 0.5 mg.L-1 IAA 3.0mg.L-1 6-BA 0.1mg.L-1,且这三种激素的作用主次为2,4-D>IAA>6-BA.     

山苍子带芽茎段的组织培养

以山苍子(Litseacubeba)带芽茎段作为外植体进行组织培养实验。实验以MS为基本培养基,按不同比例添加激素,配制成3种培养基:MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L,MS培养基作为空白对照,在暗培养和光照培养条件下进行愈伤组织和芽的诱导分化。结果显示:MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L为诱导愈伤组织的最好培养基,诱导率最高,达55.6%;MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L为最好的萌芽培养基,萌芽率最高,达60%;MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L为最好的丛生芽增殖培养基,增殖系数达8±1.4。     

仙客来(Cyclamen persicum Mill) 液体培养提取物的抑菌活性

对仙客来愈伤组织进行液体培养,分别得到培养液(胞外产物)和愈伤组织(胞内产物).用石油醚、氯仿、无水乙醇对其提取,用硅胶柱层析对提取液进一步分离,利用滤纸片法对分离得到的组分进行抑菌活性研究.结果表明,从愈伤组织(胞内产物)的石油醚提取物中得到的多个组分对供试菌株有较强的抑菌活性,其中有3个组分对5种供试菌株均有较好的抑菌作用;从氯仿提取物中分离得到的组分只对革兰氏阳性菌有抑制作用;从无水乙醇提取物中分离得到的各组分均无抑菌活性.从培养液(胞外产物)的氯仿提取物中分离得到的3个组分对枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显抑制效应,从无水乙醇提取物中分离得到的4个组分对供试菌株有抑菌活性,其中各组分对啤酒酵母表现出相对较弱的抑制作用.通过对比实验发现,仙客来愈伤组织经液体培养后所含活性组分要明显高于栽培植株.     

应用正交设计方法筛选牡丹(paeonia suffruticosa) 愈伤诱导培养基的研究

以牡丹"荷花紫"、"大胡红"品种的幼叶作外植体,采用正交设计法,考察6-BA、2,4-D、KT、NAA四种激素及酪蛋白对牡丹愈伤组织产生的影响,确定适宜的激素种类及水平,优化筛选出适宜于两个牡丹品种的愈伤组织诱导培养基.研究表明,激素2,4-D是幼叶愈伤诱导的关键因素;适宜于牡丹"荷花紫"及"大胡红"初培养的培养基配方均为:1/2MS 2,4-D4mg/L KT0.2mg/L NAA0.4mg/L 酪蛋白200mg/L     

不同光质对一品红幼茎愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化影响的研究

一品红幼嫩茎段在离体培养过程中，不同光质对愈伤组织的诱导及根、芽分化有不同的效应．实验结果表明，红光、黄光、蓝光、绿光对愈伤组织的形成均有一定的促进作用，其促进作用大小为：红光＞绿光＞黄光、蓝光＞白光；在芽的分化过程中，各色光均表现出不同程度的抑制作用，黄光的抑制作用最显著，绿光的抑制作用最弱．